Merino wool fibres are finer, softer, and more elastic than traditional wool, which is what makes them so comfortable for hiking base layers. But that same softness comes with a trade-off: merino is more delicate than synthetic fabrics and can be easily damaged if washed incorrectly.

Here’s what can go wrong if you don’t wash merino wool properly:

• Shrinkage from heat: Hot water or tumble drying can cause merino fibres to shrink and tighten, a process known as felting. This can permanently reduce stretch, softness, and fit.

• Fibre breakdown from harsh detergents: Enzyme-based or alkaline detergents (common in regular laundry soaps) can weaken the protein structure of merino wool, causing it to lose strength, become brittle, or pill prematurely.

• Loss of shape and drape: Rough machine cycles or hanging wet merino garments can stretch them out, leading to a warped fit, especially at the shoulders and hems.

• Build-up and breathability loss: Fabric softeners and residue from unsuitable detergents can coat the fibres, reducing their natural ability to wick moisture, regulate temperature, and breathe.

All it takes is the right approach: gentle washing, the correct detergent, and proper drying. Do that, and your merino wool gear will keep delivering comfort, performance, and reliability no matter where the trail leads.

Note: At Bushbuck, we've created a more durable merino blend known as Combat Merino. It has all of the natural benefits of merino wool with the added toughness of Cordura® nylon. Combat Merino can take a lot more punishment than regular merino clothing, but we still recommend washing with care to keep it in action for as long as possible.

Here we cover two methods for washing merino wool clothing safely and correctly: machine wash and hand wash.

How to Machine Wash Merino Wool Clothing

1. Read the Care Label First

Not all merino garments are created equal. Some are blended with synthetics for added strength. Always check the label for specific instructions. Generally, it’s best to wash your merino gear separately or with other wool clothing.

2. Use Cold or Warm Water

Stick to cold or lukewarm water, 30°C (86°F) max. Hot water can shrink or damage the fibres. We also recommend using a more modern washing machine without an agitator that could damage your merino clothing.

3. Use a Wool-Safe or Mild Detergent

Choose a detergent that’s:

• pH neutral Free from bleach and enzymes

• Specifically made for wool (like Woolmark-approved products)

Avoid regular laundry powder and fabric softeners. These can coat the fibres and reduce breathability.

4. Choose a Gentle Cycle 

Select the wool or delicate cycle on your washing machine. 

How to Hand Wash Merino Wool Clothing

1. Use Cold or Lukewarm Water 

Fill a sink or bucket with cold or warm water (max 30°C / 86°F). Hot water can shrink your merino clothing.

2. Add Wool-Safe Detergent 

Mix in a small amount of a laundry liquid or powder that’s safe for wool. It should be pH-neutral, enzyme free and specifically formulated for wool. Don’t use bleach, fabric softener, or regular laundry soap.

3. Submerge and Swirl

Soak the garments in the water for 5-10 minutes and then gently agitate the water with your hands for another 5-10 minutes. Avoid scrubbing, twisting or wringing merino clothing.

4. Rinse with Clean, Cold Water

Drain the soapy water and then refill the sink or bucket with fresh cold water to rinse your merino clothing. You want to ensure you rinse all of the detergent out of the garments by gently swirling and pressing them between your hands or against the side of the sink or bucket. 

5. Press Out the Water 

To remove the excess water, gently press the garments between your hands or against the side of the sink or bucket. Don’t wring them out, be as gentle as possible.

How to Dry Merino Wool Clothing

1. Never Tumble Dry

Heat and friction are merino’s enemies. Tumble drying can shrink or warp the fibres.

2. Lay Flat to Dry

After washing, gently reshape the garment and lay it flat on a towel or drying rack. Avoid direct sunlight or heat sources.

3. Avoid Hanging Wet Garments

Wet wool stretches easily. Hanging a wet merino shirt can cause it to lose its shape, especially around the shoulders.

How to Store Merino Wool Clothing

1. Store Clean and Dry

Dirt and sweat left in the fibres can attract moths or degrade the wool over time.

2. Fold, Don’t Hang

For longer-term storage, fold your merino gear instead of hanging it. This prevents sagging and keeps the shape intact.

3. Protect from Moths

Use cedar blocks or lavender sachets in your drawers or bins. They’re natural deterrents without the toxicity of mothballs.

Tips to Maximise Merino Wool Performance

• Air it out between uses: Thanks to its odour-resisting properties, merino doesn’t need washing after every wear. Hang it in a well-ventilated spot and it’ll freshen up naturally.

• Spot clean stains: Dab lightly with cold water and a wool-safe detergent. Avoid aggressive rubbing.

• Rotate your layers: Let garments rest between wears to prolong their lifespan.

• Pack smart: When travelling or backcountry camping, roll rather than fold to minimise wrinkles and conserve space.

Can I machine wash merino wool?

Yes, as long as your machine has a wool or delicate cycle and you use a wool-safe detergent with cold water. We also recommend using a modern washing machine without an agitator that could cause damage.

Will merino wool shrink?

Only if exposed to hot water or heat drying. Stick to the recommended washing instructions and you’re good.

Can I iron merino wool?

Yes, but only on a low wool setting. Use a pressing cloth and avoid direct heat if possible.

How often should I wash merino wool?

Less often than you’d think. Merino resists odour naturally so you can usually wear it for 2-3 days of rigorous activity before throwing it in the wash. If you're just wearing it as a warm base layer for general use (not in the outdoors) you could wear it for up to a week before washing.

Is merino wool good for hiking and outdoor adventure?

Absolutely. It's one of the best performance fibres available as it’s soft, comfortable, moisture-wicking, thermoregulating, and odor-resistant. Just care for it right and it’ll go the distance.

Need high-performance merino gear built for rugged missions? Explore Bushbuck’s Merino Wool clothing.